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MATHEMATICS MATHEMATICAL ORIGIN OF ALGEBRA

Neo-Sumerian Tablet (Archaeological Museum of Madrid)

To discuss the origin of algebra we would have to go back to the time of the Babylonians over 4000 years old, living in the territories of what is now Iraq, were a great and powerful empire. And not just military force but also by their knowledge.

In the Babylonian civilization mathematicians were important milestones. We know for example, who knew some equations of first and second grade. But how can we know if it's been more than 40 centuries?. With the mud. The Babylonians wrote their letters and signs with punches on clay tablets which are then baked so as not to lose what is written. Some of these tables have been found recently and allowed us to find out how clever they were our ancestors of Babylon.

But let's take a giant leap in time ... Where does the word algebra?. Algebra word comes from Arabic and means restoration and reduction. In this way he described the strange way of writing letters and numbers mathematically, since the same magnitude can be added or subtracted from both equal on the other hand, we can reduce the number of things always possible.

Abu Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi (780 - 850)

One of the mathematicians who worked to establish a universal mathematical language and valid, was Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi (780-850), born in Baghdad, with a work written in 830 AD and called Hisab-al-Jabr-wa-al-muqabala . The title translated means "book on the operations in April (restoration), and Qabala (reduction)." In honor of his name and his work, we call this algebra part of mathematics.

Al-Khwarizmi was a great translator of Greek and Hindu texts it seems natural to think that part of his work was due to these people.

Hisab In -al-Jabr wa-al-muqabala were introduced in the first part of the operations required for the transfer of terms from one member to another in an equation (al-jabr .) The second part was dedicated to reducing similar terms in an equation (al-Qabala).

For example:

x + 2 = 3 => x + 2 - 2 = 3 - 2 => x = 1 (transformation of al-Jabr)

x 2 - 5x 2 = - 4x 2 (transformation of al-Qabala)

Also in this book containing systematic resolutions of the first and second equations degree of the form:

ax = b
^{ax 2 = b
ax 2 = bx
x} 2 + bx = a
^{x 2 + a = bx}
bx + a = x ²

and solutions of certain equations geometrically.

The contributions of Al-Khwarizmi was vital as the medieval Arabic texts and later to him were clearly influenced by their notation and terms algebra (which comes from the first part of al-jabr Al-Khwarizmi's book) and algorithm (which comes from the name of Al-Khwarizmi, whose current meaning is the computing system produced by strictly defined rules and lead to the solution) were absolutely rooted in mathematics from the mathematical.

knowledge of the work of Al-Khwarizmi through the first translation of Robert of Chester in 1145 and later other Arabic texts, decisively influenced in mathematics as Leonardo of Pisa (1170-1240), nicknamed Fibonacci, who introduced an algebra somewhat improved in Italy and the Hindu decimal system while, somewhat later, Robert Recorde (1510-1558) did in their country England, with his book Whetstone of Witte published in 1557.

Luca Pacioli (1445 - 1517)

scientist who improved algebraic language were the Master Benedetto (1432 -?) With di praticha darismetrica Trattaro Albert Girard (1595-1632), Luca Pacioli (1445-1517) with his work The Sum published in 1494, Rafael Bombelli (1526-1572) with his book Algebra written in 1557, Thomas Harriot (1560-1621 ) Viète Francisco (1540-1603) and René Descartes (1596-1660).

Viète François (1540 - 1603)

François Viète is considered the most important mathematician of the sixteenth century. In fact made his living as a judge and for him mathematics was a hobby, a diversion which made very important contributions.

Viète Many consider the father of modern algebra because it was the first to use letters to symbolize the unknowns and constants in algebraic equations. He also contributed greatly to the development of trigonometry. But what really made him famous was his ability to decipher the secret messages that King Philip II of Spain sent his troops in Flanders. The English king, realizing that the French discovered their coded messages, he was convinced that things had to be witches.

So did the Italian Scipione Floriano Ferro (1465-1526), \u200b\u200bGeronimo Cardano (1501-1576), Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia "(1499-1557) and Ludovico Ferrari (1522-1565) with his discoveries and solutions of equations.

worth noting for its formal perfection, symbolic algebra to the so-called "cosist." Were mathematicians southern Germany, between the XV and XVI, worked in Italy algebra. Its odd name comes from the name of the unknown by the name of "thing" in Italian means "object", both so that algebra came to be called "art of the thing" . Symbol systems developed very comfortable to operate in the algebraic language and mathematical language in general, many of which have reached us.

Sir Isaac Newton (1643 - 1727)

The famous English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton said one of his books that to solve a problem reference to numbers or amounts abstract relations, just translate the problem of English or another language to language algebraic " .

Jean Baptiste Le Rond d'Alembert (1717 - 1783)

French mathematician Jean Baptiste Le Rond d 'Alembert , who lived in the eighteenth century, was an ardent admirer of algebra. said that "Algebra is generous, often giving more than what he calls" .

Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky (1792 - 1856)

The famous mathematician Russian Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky said that "there is no branch of mathematics, however abstract it is, that one day may not be applicable to real world phenomena."

About

algebra 2 or 3 in the last few centuries there is much to tell and gives to a few other posts, playing a major mathematicians like Carl Friedrich Gauss, Niels Abel, Evariste Galois and many more to reach the modern algebra today. But as I wanted to focus more on history than on the ropes, long story is not about more ... so ...

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